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Work-Family Balance and Academic Advancement in Medical Schools

Received June 6, 2005; revised November 8, 2005; accepted November 16, 2005. Dr. Fox is Director of Graduate Medical Education Programming, Director of Psychiatry Undergraduate Medical Education, and Professor of Clinical Psychiatry. Dr. Schwartz is Associate Professor in the Department of Medical Education and Senior Research Specialist in the Department of Pediatrics. Ms. Hart was Associate Dean of Faculty Affairs (retired). All are affiliated with the College of Medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Address correspondence to Dr. Fox, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd., Mailroom 155, Chicago, IL 60608; foxg{at}uic.edu (E-mail). Copyright © 2006 Academic Psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines various options that a faculty member might exercise to achieve work-family balance in academic medicine and their consequences for academic advancement. METHOD: Three data sets were analyzed: an anonymous web-administered survey of part-time tenure track-eligible University of Illinois College of Medicine (UI-COM) faculty members conducted in 2003; exogenous data regarding the entire UI-COM faculty; and tenure rollback ("stop-the-clock") usage by all tenure track-eligible UI-COM faculty from 1994 to 2003. RESULTS: The data reveal a gender split in career-family balance priorities that affect academic advancement among part-time faculty. Women select part-time status for child care; men choose part-time to moonlight. Similarly, among all faculty members seeking tenure rollbacks, women request rollback for child care; men request rollback for other reasons. Among all faculty members, full-time men were more likely to be on the tenure track than any other group. Needs identified by the part-time faculty survey include improved mentoring in track selection, heightened awareness of options, such as tenure rollback, and provision of equitable benefits and opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Policy changes, such as a prorated tenure track, are needed to support a family-friendly culture with flexibility throughout the career lifespan for both men and women medical faculty.

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